Many forms of energy can be converted to electricity.
Sources of energy
Section titled “Sources of energy”- Pressure head of water
- Chemical energy of fuels
- Nuclear energy of radioactive substances
- Wind energy
- Solar energy
Hydro power
Section titled “Hydro power”Potential energy of water is converted to mechanical energy using water turbines. The water turbines are connected to alternators which generate the alternating electricity.
Penstock
Section titled “Penstock”Large pipes laid on a slope. Carries water from a reservoir to a turbine. Used to increase the velocity of the water.
Surge tank
Section titled “Surge tank”Aka. surge chamber. A cylindrical tank. Connected with penstock. Placed near the powerhouse. Used to control the pressure of water in penstock.
Main Inlet Valve (MIV)
Section titled “Main Inlet Valve (MIV)”A valve installed in between the penstock and the turbine. Used to stop water in the middle for maintanence purposes.
Fuel energy
Section titled “Fuel energy”Examples for fuels:
- Coal (solid)
- Oil, Diesel (liquid)
- Natural gas (gas)
Heat energy of fuels is converted to mechanical energy (using steam turbines or internal combustion engines). Alternators are driven by the mechanical energy.
Nuclear energy
Section titled “Nuclear energy”Heat produced during nuclear fission is used to drive the prime mover. Steam turbines are used here.
Wine energy
Section titled “Wine energy”Wind turbines are the prime movers.