Kirchhoff Laws

Kirchhoff Current Law

The algebraic sum of all the currents entering and leaving a node is zero. Based on principle of conversation of charge.

$$\sum_{\text{node}} I = 0 \implies \sum_{\text{in}} I = \sum_{\text{out}} I$$

Kirchhoff Voltage Law

The algebraic sum of voltages around a loop is zero. Based on principle of conversation of energy.

$$\sum_{\text{node}} V = 0$$

Voltage division

Series connection is used to divide voltage. Potentiometeres are commonly used to create voltage divider circuits.

Current division

Parallel connection is used to divide current.